On Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem
Keywords:
Brouwer's fixed point theorem, dimension theory, homotopy groupsAbstract
It is shown by Klaas Pieter Hart, Jan van Mill, and Roman Pol [Remarks on hereditarily indecomposable continua Topology Proc. 25 (2000), 179-206] that Brouwer's fixed point theorem can be reduced to its 3 -dimensional case by using the hyperspace of a 2 -dimensional hereditarily indecomposable continuum. In this paper, we give a more direct and geometric argument that reduces the fixed point theorem to its 3 -dimensional version.
References
Dirk van Dalen, L.E.J. Brouwer - Topologist, Intuitionist, Philosopher: How Mathematics Is Rooted in Life. London: Springer, 2013.
Anatoly Fomenko and Dmitry Fuchs, Homotopical Topology. Second edition. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 273. Cham: Springer, 2016.
Hans Freudenthal, Über die Klassen der Sphärenabbildungen I. Große Dimensionen, Compos. Math. 5 (1938), 299-314.
Klaas Pieter Hart, Jan van Mill, and Roman Pol, Remarks on hereditarily indecomposable continua, Topology Proc. 25 (2000), Summer, 179-206 (2002).
Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
J. L. Kelley, Hyperspaces of a continuum, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 52 (1942), 22-36.
Jan van Mill, The Infinite-Dimensional Topology of Function Spaces. North Holland Mathematical Library, 64. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co., 2001.
John W. Milnor, Topology from the Differentiable Viewpoint. Based on Notes by David W. Weaver. Charlottesville, Va.: The University Press of Virginia, 1965.
Sehie Park, Ninety years of the Brouwer fixed point theorem, Vietnam J. Math. 27 (1999), no. 3, 187-222.